Saudi PDPL Data Privacy Guidelines & Enforcement Updates 2026

Saudi Arabia’s Personal Data Protection Law (PDPL) is now in full effect after its grace period expired in September 2024. The Saudi Data & AI Authority (SDAIA) manages PDPL enforcement. In 2025-2026, SDAIA’s enforcement committees issued 48 decisions confirming PDPL violations. This active enforcement phase signals that PDPL compliance is no longer “theoretical” – organizations processing personal data of Saudi residents must urgently update their data protection practices.

Saudi PDPL Enforcement News & Updates

• Active Enforcement: In 2025, SDAIA’s PDPL committees imposed penalties on violators. In one year, 48 decisions were issued, confirming breaches and applying sanctions. The PDPL has thus entered a phase of active enforcement.

• Common Violations: The enforcement actions covered core compliance failures: collecting or processing personal data without a valid legal basis; unauthorized disclosure of personal data; failure to implement proper technical and organizational safeguards; and sending marketing or promotional communications without consent. These decisions show that enforcement targets not just technical lapses but fundamental obligations like consent, security, and privacy notices.

• Legal Enforcement Mechanism: Article 36 of the PDPL establishes specialized committees with broad investigatory powers (they can request records and summon individuals). When breaches are confirmed, committees can impose warnings and fines. Financial penalties reach up to SAR 5 million (≈$1.3M) per violation, with higher fines for repeat offenses. Sensitive-data violations can also carry criminal penalties; for example, the PDPL specifies imprisonment (up to two years) and fines (up to SAR 3 million) for intentionally disclosing sensitive personal data. Violators may also face confiscation of any illegal gains.

• Scope of the Law: The PDPL applies broadly. It covers any entity (public or private, local or foreign) processing personal data of individuals in Saudi Arabia. Unlike many privacy laws, PDPL’s reach extends extraterritorially to controllers and processors outside Saudi Arabia if they handle Saudi residents’ data. The law even protects data of individuals after death, and also covers data related to family members if they can be identified.

These enforcement updates confirm that “PDPL compliance is now a core operational requirement” for any business handling Saudi personal data.

Key PDPL Compliance Requirements (Saudi Data Protection Law)

Saudi PDPL introduces a comprehensive data privacy framework. Below are the core requirements businesses must follow:

• Controller Registration: All data controllers must register on SDAIA’s National Data Governance Platform. In particular, controllers that are public entities, process sensitive data, conduct cross-border transfers, or handle data of children/vulnerable individuals must register. Registration helps SDAIA monitor compliance.

• Lawful Processing and Consent: Controllers need a legal basis to process personal data. By default, explicit consent must be obtained before collecting, using, or sharing personal information. Consent must be freely given, specific, and easy to withdraw. The PDPL clarifies that no personal data (especially marketing data) may be used without explicit opt-in. For example, new regulations now require companies to obtain explicit consent before sending any promotional or marketing messages. Individuals must be able to easily withdraw consent and opt-out of marketing.

• Data Protection Officer (DPO): Certain controllers must appoint a DPO. Mandatory DPO requirements include situations where the controller is a public authority or processes personal data on a large scale (especially sensitive data) as a core activity. Controllers must notify SDAIA of their DPO’s contact details through the national platform, and ensure the DPO can be easily reached by data subjects. DPOs will oversee compliance, impact assessments, and liaison with the regulator.

• Privacy Notices and Transparency: Organizations must provide clear, accessible privacy notices. Notices should be written in simple language so that ordinary individuals (including minors or vulnerable persons) can understand them. Notices must explain what data is collected, why it’s needed, how it’s used, with whom it’s shared, and how long it’s kept. Any processing based on consent, contract, or other grounds should be specified. In essence, privacy information must be “clear and simple” and available at the point of data collection.

• Data Subject Rights: PDPL grants individuals the right to access, correct, and delete their personal data. They can withdraw consent at any time. Controllers must respond promptly to data subject requests. Under new rules, regulators may require controller responses within 10 business days after a request. Data subjects can file complaints with SDAIA at any time (there is no fixed deadline to lodge a complaint).

• Recordkeeping: Complete records of all processing activities are mandatory. Organizations should document their data inventory, processing purposes, retention periods, categories of data held, security measures, and data recipients. These records must be maintained during processing and for five years after processing ends. SDAIA can request these records at any time for review.

• Technical and Organizational Safeguards: Controllers and processors must implement appropriate security measures (encryption, access controls, etc.) and internal policies to protect personal data. This includes employee training, incident response plans, and privacy-by-design practices. The law obliges organizations to adopt “organizational, technical, and administrative measures” to safeguard personal data at all stages.

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Cross-Border Data Transfers

Saudi regulations require special care for personal data leaving the Kingdom. In 2024-2025, SDAIA issued comprehensive rules on transferring data outside Saudi Arabia. The key points are:

• Regulations and Guidelines: SDAIA’s “Regulation on Personal Data Transfer Outside the Kingdom” (issued September 2024) sets out conditions for cross-border transfers. It does not yet list “adequate” countries, so extra safeguards are needed for transfers abroad. Controllers are expected to use Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) or Binding Corporate Rules (BCRs) approved by SDAIA. The regulator has published sample SCCs and BCR templates to use for international transfers.

• Risk Assessment Requirement: Recent guidance requires controllers to perform a risk assessment before any transfer. The SDAIA’s new transfer guidelines (March 2025) outline a four-step risk assessment process. Controllers must analyze their entire processing activity, identify risks to data subjects, and assess the transfer itself (e.g. recipient country safeguards and legal context). This risk-based approach is similar to GDPR/UK standards. In practice, companies should document why each transfer is justified and what safeguards are in place.

• Practical Advice: In light of these rules, organizations should map any personal data flows outside Saudi Arabia and determine which transfers require SCCs or other measures. For high-risk or sensitive-data transfers, controllers must conduct detailed assessments and implement strong safeguards. Until an adequacy list is published, using SDAIA’s approved SCCs (and storing them in the registry) is best practice.

Penalties for Non-Compliance

Non-compliance with PDPL carries significant legal and financial consequences:

• Fines: Violating PDPL can result in fines up to SAR 5,000,000 (~$1.3M) per breach. Repeat offences can double the fine. For example, failure to secure data or obtain consent can trigger the maximum fine range.

• Imprisonment: Intentional or repeated violations involving sensitive personal data can lead to criminal charges. The law allows up to two years’ imprisonment for egregious disclosures of sensitive information.

• Confiscation and Civil Liability: Courts may confiscate any gains obtained through illegal data use. Affected individuals may also seek compensation under civil law for damages suffered.

• Regulatory Actions: Besides fines, SDAIA can issue warnings and mandate corrective measures. Severe non-compliance could result in suspension of data processing activities.

These penalties underscore that PDPL is not merely a checklist exercise – it fundamentally changes how organizations must handle personal data. The broader business impact of non-compliance includes loss of customer trust and business opportunities, as well as reputational damage.

Practical Steps to Comply with PDPL

Businesses should take immediate action to align with PDPL:

• Conduct a PDPL Audit: Inventory all personal data processing, identify legal bases, and document purposes. Ensure every processing activity has a lawful justification (consent, contract, etc.).

• Implement Strong Security: Apply technical safeguards (encryption, secure backups, access controls) and organizational policies to protect data. Regularly patch systems and limit data access on a need-to-know basis.

• Appoint Key Roles: If required, appoint a qualified Data Protection Officer and notify SDAIA of their details. Designate a responsible individual or team to oversee PDPL compliance and handle inquiries.

• Update Policies and Notices: Revise privacy policies and notices to ensure they cover PDPL requirements: clear language, defined retention periods, data subject rights, etc.. Update marketing and cookie consent processes to capture explicit opt-in before communications.

• Train Employees: Educate staff (especially in HR, marketing, and IT) on PDPL basics, breach reporting, and secure data handling. Human error is a common risk, so awareness training is essential.

• Prepare for Breaches: Develop an incident response plan. PDPL requires notifying SDAIA within 72 hours of a data breach that risks harm to data subjects. Practice breach scenarios and notification procedures.

• Record and Monitor: Keep detailed records of processing activities (including data flows and consent records) as required. Establish a compliance monitoring framework, and be ready to demonstrate accountability to SDAIA.

Taking these steps will help satisfy PDPL obligations and reduce enforcement risk. Many organizations find it useful to engage privacy or legal professionals to conduct a formal compliance review and remediation plan.

Conclusion

Saudi Arabia’s PDPL represents a major shift in how data privacy is regulated. As of 2026, the law is being actively enforced, and organizations that process Saudi personal data must treat PDPL compliance as a top priority. Key obligations include registering with SDAIA, obtaining proper consent, appointing a DPO (if required), and securing all processing activities. Individuals’ rights must be respected (access, correction, deletion, etc.), and robust procedures for cross-border transfers and breach notification must be in place.

Staying informed is crucial. Regulators have published numerous guidelines (for DPOs, transfers, privacy notices, etc.) and continue to refine rules. Keeping abreast of “PDPL news today” — such as enforcement updates or new regulations — will help organizations adapt quickly.

By building a culture of privacy, documenting compliance efforts, and proactively addressing gaps, businesses can not only avoid steep penalties but also build trust with customers and partners in Saudi Arabia’s digital economy.

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